Avian metapneumovirus : (turkey rhinotracheitis, avian pneumovirus, swollen head syndrome)

Reviewed/Revised Nov 2024

Four subtypes (A–D) of avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) have been isolated from commercial poultry and wild birds, which are considered natural reservoirs. These viruses induce not only respiratory disease (turkey rhinotracheitis, swollen head syndrome) but also reproductive disorders in various avian species. Molecular methods are used to detect and further characterize AMPV; however, virus propagation by classic virological methods from field samples is difficult. Currently, biosecurity measures are applied in combination with vaccination in the field to control AMPV infection and lower the risk of secondary infections.