Dissertation
Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover / Bibliothek – School of Veterinary
Medicine Hannover / Library
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Katharina Dorothea Boenigk |
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Untersuchungen zur züchterischen Aussagekraft der
Verhaltenstests bei Hovawart Hunden |
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NBN-Prüfziffer |
urn:nbn:de:gbv:95-88248 |
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title (engl.) |
Analysis of
the relevance of behaviour tests for breeding in the Hovawart dog |
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publication |
Hannover, Tierärztliche Hochschule, Dissertation, 2004 |
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text |
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abstract (deutsch) |
Im ersten Teil der Arbeit war es das Ziel, das
Datenmaterial aus den Welpenwesenstests im Hinblick auf genetische und
umweltbedingte Variationsursachen zu untersuchen. Insgesamt standen die
Ergebnisse von 5.608 Welpen der Geburtsjahrgänge 1995-2000 zur Verfügung. Die
Merkmale Kontakt, optische und akustische Einflüsse, Beutespiel,
Erscheinungsbild und Temperament wurden mittels Restricted
Maximum Likelihood-Methoden in multivariaten
linearen Tiermodellen ausgewertet. Als fixe Effekte gingen die Testsaison pro
Jahr, das Geschlecht, die Wurfstärkeklasse, die Landesgruppe, die
Inzuchtkoeffizientenklasse und die Zuchtwartklasse in das Modell ein. Als
zufällige Effekte wurden der Zwinger, die permanente Wurfumwelt und der
additiv-genetische Effekt des Tieres berücksichtigt. Die Landesgruppe erwies sich bei allen Merkmalen als
signifikant. Das Geschlecht zeigte eine Signifikanz auf die Ausprägung des
Temperaments. Für die Testsaison pro Jahr wurde eine Signifikanz auf das
Beutespiel ermittelt, während die Zuchtwartklasse einen signifikanten
Einfluss auf das Merkmal optische/akustische Einflüsse hatte. Die Effekte
Wurfstärke- und Inzuchtkoeffizientenklasse wiesen keinen signifikanten
Einfluss auf die Ausprägung der Welpenwesenstestmerkmale auf. Die Heritabilitätsschätzwerte aus den multivariaten
Analysen für die Testmerkmale des Welpenwesenstest bewegten sich zwischen h2
= 0,02 bis h2 = 0,13. Die Standardfehler waren stets kleiner
oder gleich 0,03. Zwischen den Merkmalen konnten durchgehend hohe positive additiv-genetische
Korrelationen ermittelt werden (rg = 0,6
bis rg = 1). Die Heritabilitätsschätzwerte
aus den multivariaten Analysen für die Testmerkmale
der Nachzuchtbeurteilungen bewegten sich zwischen h2 = 0,03
bis h2 = 0,11. Die Standardfehler waren stets kleiner oder
gleich 0,03. Zwischen den meisten Merkmalen konnten additiv-genetische
Korrelationen im mittleren bis hoch positiven Bereich ermittelt werden (rg = 0,16 bis rg
= 0,91). Die Merkmale Beutetrieb und Erscheinungsbild wiesen eine
deutlich niedrigere positive additiv-genetische Korrelation von rg = 0,03 auf. Negative additiv-genetische
Korrelationen zeigten sich zwischen dem Merkmal Temperament und den Merkmalen
Erscheinungsbild sowie akustische und optische Einflüsse (rg
= -0,14 bis rg = -0,4). Die Heritabilitätsschätzwerte
aus den multivariaten Analysen für die Testmerkmale
bewegten sich zwischen h2 = 0,01 bis h2 = 0,13
bei der Jugendbeurteilung und h2 = 0,01 bis h2 =
0,14 bei der Zuchttauglichkeitsprüfung. Die Standardfehler waren bei
beiden Prüfungen stets kleiner oder gleich 0,03. Zwischen den meisten
Merkmalen der Jugendbeurteilung und Zuchttauglichkeitsprüfung konnten
additiv-genetische Korrelationen im mittleren bis hoch positiven Bereich
ermittelt werden (rg = 0,20 bis rg = 1,0 bzw. rg
= 0,29 bis rg = 1,0 ). Negative additiv-genetische Korrelationen zeigten
sich zwischen einzelnen Merkmalen der Jugendbeurteilung (rg = -0,02 bis rg = -0,58) sowie der
Zuchttauglichkeitsprüfung (rg = -0,28
bis rg = -0,83). |
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abstract (englisch) |
In the
first part of this study the objective was to evaluate the importance of
genetic and environmental sources of variation for results of puppy
behavioural tests in the Hovawart dog. For these analyses test results of
5,608 puppies born in 1995 to 2000 have been used. Variance component
estimation was performed for the traits contact, optical and acoustical
influences, hunting affinity, appearance and temperament using multivariate
linear animal models and Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML). The models
included test-year-season, sex, litter size, region of kennel, inbreeding
coefficient of the animal and the test inspector as fixed effects. Additive
genetic effects of the animal, permanent environmental effect of the litter
and the effect of the kennel were considered as random factors. The region of
the kennel was significant for all traits. The sex of the puppy was
significant for the temperament. Test-year-season was significant for hunting
affinity, whereas the test inspector was significant for optical and
acoustical influences. The effects litter size and inbreeding coefficient of
the animal did not influence any of the traits significantly. The estimated
heritabilities for the traits of puppy behaviour tests ranged from h2
= 0.02 to h2 = 0.13 with standard errors of up to 0.03. The
additive genetic correlations between the traits were always highly positive
(rg = 0.6 bis rg = 1). In the
second part analogous analyses were performed on progeny evaluations in the
Hovawart dog. In total, 4,113 dogs born in 1995 to 2000 have been available
for these analyses. Traits used were appearance, hunting affinity, group of
people, acoustical and optical influences and temperament. Variance
components were estimated using multivariat linear animal models and
Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML). The models included test-year-season,
sex, litter size, age and inbreeding coefficient of the animal as fixed
effects. Additive genetic effects of the animal, permanent environmental
effect of the litter and the effect of the kennel were considered as random
factors. The sex of the dog was significant for all traits. The age of the
dog at the test significantly influenced the traits temperament and
appearance. Test-year-season was significant for all traits except for
appearance, whereas the inbreeding coefficient of the animal was significant
for acoustical influences and temperament. Litter size did not influence any
of the traits significantly. The estimated heritabilities of the behaviour
traits analysed here ranged from h2 = 0.03 to h2 = 0.11
with standard errors of up to 0.03. The additive genetic correlations between
most of the traits were moderately to highly positive (rg = 0.16
to rg = 0.91). The traits hunting affinity and appearance showed
additive genetic correlation close to zero (rg = 0.03). Negative
additive genetic correlations were found between temperament and appearance
as well as acoustical and optical influences (rg = -0.14 to rg
= -0.4). In the
third part genetic and environmental sources of variation were estimated for
results of juvenile evaluations and breeding performance tests in the
Hovawart dog. For these analyses test results of 1,882 (juvenile evaluations)
respectively 929 dogs (breeding performance tests) born in 1995 to 2000 have
been used. Variance component estimation was performed for the traits
appearance, play instinct, hunting affinity, group of people, shoot,
acoustical and optical influences and temperament using multivariat linear
animal models and Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML). The models included
test-year-season, sex, litter size, age and inbreeding coefficient of the
animal as fixed effects. Additive genetic effects of the animal, permanent
environmental effect of the litter and the effect of the kennel were considered
as random factors. The sex of the dog was significant for appearance, play
instinct, hunting affinity, acoustical and optical influences of juvenile
evaluation and for the traits temperament, play instinct, hunting affinity,
acoustical and one of the optical influences of breeding performance test.
The age of the dog at test significantly influenced the traits play instinct,
hunting affinity and acoustical influences of juvenile evaluation and optical
influences and hunting affinity of breeding performance test. All traits with
exception of hunting affinity and group of people were significantly effected
by the test-year-season. The inbreeding coefficient was significant for
appearance of juvenile evaluation and play affinity of breeding performance
test. The effect litter size did not influence any of the traits
significantly. The estimated heritabilities for the traits of juvenile
evaluations and breeding performance tests ranged from h2 = 0.01
to h2 = 0.13 respectively h2 = 0.01 to h2 =
0.14, with standard errors of up to 0.03. The additive genetic correlations
between most of the traits were moderately to highly positive (rg
= 0.20 to rg = 1.0 respectively rg = 0.29 to rg =
1.0 ). Negative additive genetic correlations were found for a few traits of
juvenile evaluations (rg = -0.02 to rg = -0.58)
and breeding performance tests (rg = -0.28 to rg =
-0.83). In the
fourth part additive genetic and phenotypic correlations between
corresponding traits of behaviour tests in Hovawart dogs were evaluated. In total,
test results of 5,608 dogs born in 1995 to 2000 have been available for these
analyses. Variance components were estimated using multivariat linear animal
models and Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML). The additive genetic
correlations between traits of puppy behaviour tests and following tests were
always low to moderately positive (rg = 0.06 to rg =
0.53). The traits appearance as well as optical and acoustical influences
showed negative additive genetic correlations. The phenotypic correlations between
traits of puppy behaviour tests and following tests were always low.
Moderately to high additive genetic correlations were found between most of
the traits of progeny tests and juvenile evaluations (rg = 0.59 to
rg = 1). Whereas the traits of progeny tests and breeding
evaluation tests showed slightly lower correlations. The phenotypic
correlations between traits of progeny tests and juvenile evaluations
respectively breeding performance tests ranged from rp = -0.01 to
rp = 0,27. The additive genetic correlations between traits of
juvenile evaluations and breeding performance tests were always highly
positive (rg = 0.7 to rg = 1) and the phenotypic
correlations were low to moderately positive. For all traits of the behaviour
tests residual correlations ranged from re = -0.04 to re
= 0,35 could be found. |
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keywords |
Hund, Verhaltenstest, Heritabilität, dog, behaviour tests, heritability |
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537 |